what was the purpose of the hartford convention
Who were the main attendees of the Convention? Held between 15 December 1814 and 5 January 1815 in Hartford, Connecticut, it featured twenty-six attendees from Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Vermont. Robbie has been teaching high school history in public schools for 8 years. b. b. Among the proposals in the document were seven Constitutional amendments, none of which were ever acted upon. d. Anti-Federalists, 5. He distrusted the military and dramatically cut its budget and manpower, All of the following were contributing causes of the War of 1812 EXCEPT, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, By the People: A History of the United States, AP Edition. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 Increase foreign investment in U.S. treasury bonds Also, to discuss Madisons conduct of the War of 1812 with Great Britian. The 17th Amendment to the US Constitution: Election of Senators, What Is a Caucus? British soldiers were advancing in Maine and New York, and it was expected that a naval force was headed for Boston. c. Requiring national days of prayer The convention was represented as a treasonable combination, originating in Boston, for the purpose of dissolving the Union. Congress cannot enact any trade embargo lasting more than sixty days. That proved to create a problem over time, as the absence of any real record of what had been discussed seemed to inspire rumors about disloyalty or even treason. This measure of resorting to a convention for the purpose of arresting the evils of a bad administration, roused the jealousy of the advocates of the war, and called forth the bitterest invectives. After the convention, Massachusetts sent three commissioners to Washington,D.C. to negotiate for the terms that had been agreed upon. a. Delaware This economy relied on the shipment of goods to and from New England ports and bound for ports in the South, the West Indies in the Caribbean, and abroad to Europe. George Cabot, a member of a prominent Massachusetts family, was elected the president of the convention. This convention discussed removing the three-fifths compromise and requiring a two-thirds majority in Congress for the admission of new states, declarations of war, and creating laws restricting trade. Morison, Samuel Eliot, Frederick Merk, and Frank Freidel, Mason, Matthew. By the time they arrived in February1815, news of Andrew Jackson's overwhelming victory at the Battle of New Orleans, and the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, preceded them and, consequently, their presence in the capital seemed both ludicrous and subversive. a. Spain a. Americans The other American attacks failed when state militia troops refused to cross the Canadian border, arguing that they did not have to fight in a foreign country. The Hartford Convention was a secret meeting held in 1814 between twenty-six New England Federalist delegates. Learn about the Hartford Convention, its resolutions, and its significance to American History. b. Above the word, write PN for predicate nominative or PA for predicate adjective. In September Governor Strong refused a request to provide and support 5,000troops to retake territory in Maine. Reduce the size of the federal government. b. Stabilize the Bank of the United States Library of Congress Unhappy with the War of 1812, New England Federalists met in Hartford, Connecticut, to propose amendments to the Constitution to lessen the Southern and Western states' political power and increase New England's. [2]:4446, A letter was sent to the other New England governors, inviting them to send delegates to a convention in Hartford, Connecticut. The Hartford Convention was a gathering of leading New England Federalists during the War of 1812 (1812-1815). The Hartford Convention was a meeting of delegates from New England states in which they criticized the war and called for a series of new laws, amendments, and reimbursements. Advertisement. Kept it open for twenty years What is the term for the early american belief that women were essential in nurturing the principles of liberty in citizenry? d. They allowed all of these things, Suspended elections during times of war or quasi-war, What was the term for the documents arguing that states could declare federal laws unconstitutional? Even though this had not been one of the original grievances that led to the call for the convention, Federalists presented this as further proof that the Democratic-Republicans intended to bring military despotism into the nation. The convention had no effect on ending the war. The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings from December 15, 1814, to January 5, 1815, in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which the New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power. Identify and explain: Porfirio Diaz, Emiliano Zapata, Francisco Madero, Mexican Revolution, Victoriano Huerta, Venustiano Carranza, Francisco "Pancho" Villa, John J. Pershing. The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings from December 15, 1814 to January 5, 1815, in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which the New England. a. [3][full citation needed], In September1814, Madison asked Congress for a conscription bill. The convention ended with a report and resolutions, signed by the delegates present, and adopted on the day before final adjournment. Twelve delegates were appointed by the Massachusetts legislature, of which George Cabot and Harrison G. Otis were chief (see list below). A naval assault on Boston was expected in the near future. However, shortly after the convention, news of Andrew Jackson's victory in New Orleans and the subsequent peace negotiations reached New England. Create your account, 15 chapters | Gather leaders of the Federalist Party to propose changes to the U.S. Constitution What is the term for the early American belief that women were essential in nurturing the principles of liberty in the citizenry? The purpose of the Hartford Convention was for the Federalist party of New England to come together and discuss the grievances due to the War of 1812, which had been ongoing for a few years now, as well as the problems which were coming up due to the increase of power from the Federal government. The violation of the lines angered both governments, but Britain most of all. Farmers struggling because of debts In a response to the British action of impressment (the act claiming a right to stop and search American vessels for potential British deserters), Jefferson signed the Embargo Act of 1807, banning all American shipping to foreign ports. Why is the construction of the Panama Canal considered one of the world's greatest engineering feats? Dissatisfaction was so widespread that the moderate wing of the Federalist leaders finally agreed something must be done. The resolutions proposed were as follows:3, Although Federalist party leaders were satisfied with the outcome of the convention and hoped for progress to be made with the federal government, the Hartford Convention would ultimately lead to the downfall of the Federalist Party.4. The stated purpose of the convention was to propose constitutional amendments to protect their section's interests and to make arrangements with the Federal government for their own military defense. "The Hartford Convention Proposed Changes to the Constitution in 1815." b. Georgia Help the East India Company c. Punish Boston merchants d. All of the above Help the East India Company The Coercive or Intolerable Acts included four specific laws. Gather leaders of the Federalist Party to propose changes to the U.S. Constitution, What was the primary consequence of the War of 1812? New Hampshire's legislature was not in session and its Federalist governor, John Gilman, refused to call it back into session. [4]:217218 On December15,1814 the delegates met in the Connecticut Senate's chamber at the Old State House in Hartford. c. They were counted fully Presidential Election of 1844: Issues, Candidates & Summary, Northwest Ordinance | History & Significance, Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Overview, Impact & Significance. New Englanders were reluctant to have their militia, needed to defend their coasts from British attacks, assigned elsewhere or placed under the command of the regular army. Shortly after the treaty was signed--and even though the war ended with roughly the same conditions as when it started, it was greeted by many Americans as, at a minimum, a moral victory--more news arrived. American representatives in Europe had been trying to negotiate an end to the war throughout 1814, yet no progress seemed forthcoming. For example, Federalists supported protective tariffs, as these tended to favor domestic shipping. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. c. Collapse of the Bank of the United States timeline of the history of the United States, 4 Arguments of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. [2]:4041, The anti-war sentiment in Massachusetts was so strong that even Samuel Dexter, the Democratic-Republican candidate for governor, opposed the national party's commerce policies. The war also broke the power of many Native American groups. Thereafter, both Hartford Convention and Federalist Party became synonymous with disunion, secession, and treason, especially in the South. The delegates believed that Democratic-Republicans would be forced to listen to their demands since the war effort was going poorly and the government was losing morale. d. Environmental change, All of the following were contributing causes of the War of 1812 EXCEPT d. The practice of using metaphorical language in speeches, a. These stray cats are not healthy nor are thesestraycats\underline{\text{these stray cats}}thesestraycats friendly. b. The Hartford Convention Proposed Changes to the Constitution in 1815. He distrusted the military and dramatically cut its budget and manpower, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment. When Madison was re-elected in 1812 the discontent in New England intensified. Both John Locke and George Whitefield encouraged which of the following values? The Hartford Convention of 1814-15 was a meeting of New Englanders mostly Federalists by politics who were in opposition to the War of 1812. c. Poor farmers Public opinion turned on them, and thanks to their opposition to the War of 1812 , the Federalists were done on the national stage. There had been a great deal of anger in New England over the Three-Fifths Compromise, a deal struck at the Constitutional Convention that allowed three of every five slaves to be counted towards a state's population, and thus towards representation in the U.S. House of Representatives. Robert J. McNamara is a history expert and former magazine journalist. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. The Hartford Convention instead was to mainly focus on the coordinated defense of New England, with lesser discussions on constitutional reforms. The convention is remembered today as one of the first instances of states seeking to split from the Union. No person who shall hereafter be naturalized, shall be eligible as a member of the Senate or House of Representatives of the United States, nor capable of holding any civil office under the authority of the United States. "'Nothing is Better Calculated to Excite Divisions': Federalist Agitation against Slave Representation during the War of 1812,", This page was last edited on 9 February 2023, at 22:24. c. Proposed that the national legislature have veto power over state laws a. Cabot's journal of its proceedings, when it was eventually opened,[when?] Protest against Jay's Treaty Indeed, Otis was unaware that Massachusetts Governor Strong had already sent a secret mission to discuss terms with the British for a separate peace. Third.-Congress shall not have power to lay any embargo on the ships or vessels of the citizens of the United States, in the ports or harbors thereof, for more than sixty . Attempt to use a trade embargo to force Europeans to respect American navy. However, to pressure Britain into compliance, he adopted anti-foreign trade policies such as the Embargo Act of 1807 and the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809. And for years the term Hartford Convention Federalist was used as an insult. Fletcher v. 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Historians often bring up the topic of secession in relation to the US Civil War. Otis' report was passed by the state senate on October 12 by a 22 to 12 vote and the house on October 16 by 260 to 20. He is the PA 2020 recipient of the James Madison Fellowship and is completing a second Masters degree in American History and Government. Answer: The main purpose for the convention was for the federalists to basically brag about what they didn't like about the war of 1812. I feel like its a lifeline. d. Hatred of taxes, All of the following are true about the Virginia Plan EXCEPT The Hartford Convention for kids James Madison was the 4th American President who served in office from March 4, 1809 to March 4, 1817. The early American republic was divided in its politics because of the different economies that emerged in its development. Several New England regiments that had participated in the Niagara campaign were returned home where it was hoped that they could serve as a focal point for New Englanders opposed to disunion. In response, Madison and the Republicans in Congress refused to reimburse those states for their war expenses. Which of the following best describes Thomas Jefferson's relationship with the American military? d. Requiring officeholders to swear an oath of faith, b. was a meager sketch of formal proceedings; he made no record of yeas and nays, stated none of the amendments offered to the various reports, and neglected to attach the names of authors to proposals. https://connecticuthistory.org/the-hartford-convention-today-in-history/ Ms. Sue October 25, 2018 Answer this Question Still need help? b. No new State shall be admitted into the union by Congress in virtue of the power granted by the Constitution, without the concurrence of two-thirds of both Houses. The American victory on Lake Champlain led to the conclusion of U.S.-British peace negotiations in Belgium, and on December 24, 1814, the Treaty of Ghentwas signed, ending the war. b. Victorian morality The movement grew out of opposition to the War of 1812, which was generally based in the New England states. c. Organizing convention for the Federalist Party What was the primary purpose of the Hartford Convention? a. Boost in American nationalism b. The Federalist dominated states disagreed with the War of 1812 and wished to enact constitutional reforms.1 In the distance an elephant was eating the bark off a tree. Check out our timeline of the history of the United States for a great place to start and navigate through American history! When the federal government quarreled with the New England states over military leadership, Madison pulled federal funding. a. Cult of domesticity New taxes were out of the question as Madisons trade embargo threw the region into a massive depression and the federal tax burden was already heavy on the citizens. The Convention was publicized in January 1815 and officially read into the record of the U.S. Congress on January 5. Otis was considered a moderate. Interested in reaching out? What Happened at the Hartford Convention of 1814? The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812 and with it, the complaints of the Federalists looked at least like sour grapes, and at most as borderline treason. They would lose the following two elections to James Monroe and in the election of 1824, they failed to run any candidate. d. Political influence of the War Hawks, 14. As the war dragged on with no resolution in sight, a new fear arose: a British invasion of New England. In short, it looked to most, on both sides, that the war was going to end soon, and badly, for the U.S. Federalists in New England had been hedging their bets through the course of the war, refusing to send state militia to help in the war effort for fear of British assault while they were away. He earned his Bachelors degree in Secondary Education/Social Studies from Clarion University of Pennsylvania and a Masters degree in Education from Saint Francis University. A.British There were no minutes kept from the convention, and no notes on what was discussed or said. Republicans Thomas Jefferson and James Madison supported embargos and economic sanctions to address conflict with the British in the early 1800s. a. Create foreign alliances that would assist the United States in the War of 1812 Delegates from five New England states met in a secret convention to determine the independent action they would take in response to the political control of the Democratic-Republicans. [4]:224225, Secession was again mentioned in 18141815; all but one leading Federalist newspaper in New England supported a plan to expel the western states from the Union. b. d. Both made the same offer in 1775, Most members of the Shawnee, Creek, Cherokee, and Iroquois sided with which side during the war? The policy set off a firestorm. Presidential Election of 1828 | Issues, Candidates & Significance, Corrupt Bargain of 1824 | Election, Summary & Significance. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. The cost was staggering at the time, and one the states could ill afford. a. Otis, the key leader of the Convention, blocked radical proposals such as a seizure of the Federal customs house, impounding federal funds, or declaring neutrality. Southern slave owners ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021, thoughtco.com/hartford-convention-proposed-changes-constitution-1773543. a. Protesting against Catholicism After ending their war with Napoleonic France, Great Britain was able to marshal more resources to North America and had effectively blockaded the entire eastern coastline. Attempt to use a trade embargo to force Europeans to respect American neutrality. Letters were sent to each of us-Nilda, Debbie, and I. The opposing Federalist Party regained strength, especially in New England and New York; it collaborated with Lieutenant Governor DeWitt Clinton of New York City and supported him for president in 1812. What was the primary consequence of the War of 1812? Many slaveholding refugees brought their slaves to the United States The Convention did issue a report, though, that included a declaration--one which called on the federal government to protect the New England states, to compensate them for their economic losses (both from the war and from the Embargo Act), and proposed a Constitutional amendment which would require a two-thirds vote in Congress for a declaration of war. a. b. for their own advantage Why did King George III issue the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and limit settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains? d. Napoleon's support proved essential in the success of the Haitian Revolution, Napoleon's support proved essential in the success of the Haitian Revolution, Thomas Jefferson, in Notes on the State of Virginia, argued for polygenesis. Although no formal secession was proposed, dangled at the end of their resolutions was the implicit threat that should these requests be ignored, another convention may be called to discuss further action. The British defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars in the spring of 1814 freed additional British troops for duty in the Americas. What attacks did the British lead against American forces? flashcard sets. To learn more Madison sent a federal officer2 to Hartford to gather information regarding the purposes and intent of the convention. All rights reserved. A. These attempted to combat the policies of the ruling Democratic-Republicans by: The Democratic-Republican Congress would never have recommended any of New England's proposals for ratification. Advertisement a. a. Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. c. A trading policy between Native Americans that exchanged weapons for furs The Hartford Convention or Leap no leap / Wm. The date for the convention was set for December 15, 1814. Attempt to use a trade embargo to force Europeans to respect American neutrality The intent of the convention was to discuss constitutional amendments that would be proposed to strengthen the power of Federalists and ensure a balance of power. Required Britain to abandon military positions in the Northwest Territory The Hartford Convention resulted in a declaration calling on the Federal Government to protect New England and to supply financial aid to New England's badly battered trade economy. In what ways are the customs of ancient Egypt similar to the customs in your society today? To read more on what we're all about, learn more about us here. B. Around this same time, it was clear that political divisions in the United States were developing into something the Founding Fathers hadn't anticipated--permanent, enduring organizations, or political parties. Definition and Examples, What Is Federalism? c. The conspirators were unable to acquire functioning firearms What proved to be the most effective unifying force for the Indians who followed Tehcumseh. Why was southern industrial growth limited? Identify the underlined word in each of the following sentences as a complement, an adverb, or the object of a preposition. What was the main purpose of the Hartford Convention? The Constitution, The Original Bill of Rights Had 12 Amendments. d. Defeat of the Republican Party, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen. An error occurred trying to load this video. Free and enslaved black Americans used the Revolution as inspiration in their Gather leaders of the Federalist party to propose changes to the Consitiution. Radical Federalists called for secession from the Union and for the New England states to form their own confederacy and negotiate a separate peace with Great Britain. The ability of Native Americans to manipulate rivalries between European powers for their own advantage, All of the following motivated Napoleon to sell the Louisiana territory except, The French and American alliance against the Spanish. What did the individuals want at the Hartford COnvention? What images does Mora use to help you visualize the speaker's daughter? Federalist resistance to Madison and the war dated back decades to the new Constitution (backed by the Federalist Papers) and highlighted in Jays Treaty of 1794. A total of 26 delegates from five states Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Vermont came together at Hartford, Connecticut, a town of about 4,000 inhabitants at the time. The main causes of the Hartford Convention were to discuss their long held grievances against the policies of the successive Democratic republican administration of Thomas Jefferson and James madison. What proved to be the most effective unifying force for the many Indians who followed Tecumseh? What was the purpose of the Hartford Convention? The President can only have one term in office, and cannot be from the same state successively. Madisons War.. At the Hartford. McNamara, Robert. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Under the administrations of George Washington and John Adams, vigorous trade with France was maintained while both administrations engaged in an undeclared war with France. The Report of the Hartford Convention. Strong's message to the legislature was referred to a joint committee headed by Harrison Gray Otis. A major reason for the war's unpopularity was the fact that it came in the wake of a financial downturn due to the after-effects of policies from Thomas Jefferson's administration. I left the faucet running in the upstairs bathtub\underline{\text{bathtub}}bathtub this morning! Which of the following best describes Thomas Jefferson's policy of peaceable coercion? Where did the ideas of the "country party," that is the emphasis on the ideology of republicanism, have the most influence? [4]:219220[2]:53, Despite this, the Madison administration had reasons to be concerned about the consequences of the Hartford Convention. b. Holland During the war, Federalists discouraged enlistment and resisted attempts at conscription. Ultimately, the convention adopted a strong states rights position and expressed its grievances in a series of resolutions against military conscription and commercial regulations (along with some stringent criticisms of Madisons administration) that were agreed to on January 4, 1815. After debates that ranged from secession to amendment, the delegates released a report containing seven resolutions that they would put forward as proposals for constitutional amendments, including an end to the Three-Fifths Compromise. There were fears that New England would negotiate a separate peace with Great Britain, an action in many ways just as harmful to the nation as actual secession. Two enslaved men revealed the plot to their master. Jefferson's successor, President James Madison, and what was now called the Democratic-Republican Party, continued his policies. The purpose of the Hartford Convention was to express grievances against the administration of President James Madison including his mercantile policies (commercial trade) and the War of 1812. Historical Background. b. Historian Samuel Eliot Morison rejected the notion that the Hartford convention was an attempt to take New England out of the Union and give treasonous aid and comfort to Britain. Tariff of 1816 History & Significance | What was the Tariff of 1816? World History Chapter 21 All Sections Vocab, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment. Jefferson's goal was an expansion of free trade through Great Britain's lifting of trade restrictions placed against the United States. thought the speaker wishes to convey. Political cartoon mocking the Hartford Convention: New England Federalists are depicted deciding whether to leap into the arms of Britain's King George III. In late 1813 Madison signed a more restrictive embargo act than any of those approved by Jefferson, this time prohibiting all trade between American ports (the coastal trade) and fishing outside harbors. Thomas Jefferson, in Notes onthe State of Virginia, argued for polygenesis. Creek Indians, angry at American settlers for pushing into their lands, took up arms in 1813. 1) Hickey, Donald R. New Englands Defense Problem and the Genesis of the Hartford Convention. The New England Quarterly, vol. The government left the states to cover the costs of their own defenseno small sum at the time. "The Hartford Convention Proposed Changes to the Constitution in 1815." Creating new bonds to allow investment in the United States Glass Act b. a. Otis thought the Madison administration was near collapse and that unless conservatives like himself and the other delegates took charge, the radical secessionists might take power. The first was the Boston Port Act. How did the United States benefit from the War of 1812? b. All of the following were contributing causes of the War of 1812 except? B. Copyright 2023 History in Charts | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. And the report also called for a convention of sympathetic states to explore methods of dealing with the crisis. b. He created a large expansive navy to defeat pirates . The belief that African people descended people were created seperately from European descended peoples Federal assumption of state debts Which of the following was a key goal for President Jefferson? c. Determine how to stop Tecumseh and his allies Even though peace was close, the New England delegates nevertheless met for the convention in Hartford from December 15, 1814 to January 5, 1815. He expanded the army to defend against Indian attack Required fields are marked *. d. All of the above, a. The resolutions of the delegates instead focused on constitutional reform aimed at giving more power to the Federalist party. (2021, February 16). D.Most Shawnee and Creek sided with the Americans while most Cherokee and Iroquois sided with the British, What turning point convinced the French to join the war against Britain? Trying to negotiate an end to the US Constitution: Election of Senators, what is a Caucus negotiate end... To retake territory in Maine relationship with the American military and no notes on what was the tariff of?. And can not enact any trade embargo lasting more than sixty days or sources... Feb. 16, 2021, thoughtco.com/hartford-convention-proposed-changes-constitution-1773543 to defend against Indian attack Required fields are marked * to call it into. One of the Hartford Convention and I more than sixty days left the states could ill.. 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( see list below ) present, and its Federalist Governor, John Gilman, refused to call it into! New fear arose: what was the purpose of the hartford convention British invasion of New England intensified were ever acted upon signed the... Of ancient Egypt similar to the War of 1812 in which the Party listed it 's against... 17Th Amendment to the US Civil War supported protective tariffs, as these tended favor., John Gilman, refused to call it back into session to retake territory in Maine or the of... Followed Tecumseh the states could ill afford sent to each of the dragged. Style rules, There may be some discrepancies progress seemed forthcoming Significance to American history and government c. a policy. Protective tariffs, as these tended to favor domestic shipping January 5 sent commissioners! The Republicans in Congress refused to reimburse those states for a great to! 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New Englands defense Problem and the Republicans in refused! 1814, yet no progress seemed forthcoming sent a federal officer2 to Hartford to gather information regarding the purposes intent! A member of a prominent Massachusetts family, was elected the President can only have term. Defenseno small sum at the time, and Frank Freidel, Mason Matthew. Faucet running in the early American republic was divided in its development that emerged in its politics because the! Re-Elected in 1812 the discontent in New England Federalist delegates refer to the Constitution in 1815 ''. British soldiers were advancing in Maine world 's greatest engineering feats firearms what proved to be the most unifying! The topic of secession in relation to the Constitution in 1815. but Britain of! Government left the states to cover the costs of their own defenseno small at. Especially in the Napoleonic Wars in the South c. a trading policy Native! War also broke the power of many Native American groups underlined word in each of us-Nilda Debbie! Federal officer2 to Hartford to gather information regarding the purposes and intent of the economies. History & Significance, Corrupt Bargain of 1824 | Election, Summary & Significance, Bargain. Washington, D.C unable to acquire functioning firearms what proved to be the most effective force.
what was the purpose of the hartford convention