selene greek mythology

In fact, in the fifth century BCE, the comedian Aristophanes characterized worship of the moon as the mark of a barbarian, not a civilized Greek.[33]. Her fifty daughters with Endymion marked the fifty lunar months that passed between celebrations of the Olympiad. The History of Guns, Greek Mythology: Stories, Characters, Gods, and Culture, Aztec Mythology: Important Stories and Characters, Greek Gods and Goddesses: Family Tree and Fun Facts, Roman Gods and Goddesses: The Names and Stories of 29 Ancient Roman Gods, Descriptions of Selene, Goddess of the Moon, Greek Myths featuring the Moon Goddess Selene, iPhone History: A Timeline of Every Model in Order, US History Timeline: The Dates of Americas Journey, Ancient Civilizations Timeline: 16 Oldest Known Cultures From Around The World, Why Are Hot Dogs Called Hot Dogs? According to Greek mythology, the moon goddess Selene was the daughter of two Titans (mythological giants) called Hyperion and Theia. -Quintus Smyrnaeus, Fall of Troy 10. By all accounts, Selene seemed to have played a major role in this war. Surviving descriptions of Selene's physical appearance and character, apart from those which would apply to the moon itself, are scant. Zeus heard of that, and ordered Selene as well as her siblings Helios (Sun) and Eos (Dawn) not to shine, and harvested all of that plant for himself. [73] However, Apollodorus says that because of Endymion's "surpassing beauty, the Moon fell in love with him, and Zeus allowed him to choose what he would, and he chose to sleep for ever, remaining deathless and ageless". They put Hyperion to the sword, and drowned Helios in the river Eridanus. She was known for being the only Greek moon goddess portrayed as the embodiment of the moon by the ancient poets. Diodorus of Sicily, Library of History 3.57. Selene is the daughter of Titans Hyperion and Theia. Robert S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 2:131819. If you thought Artemis was the Greek goddess of the moon, you are only partially right. So she is a sure token and a sign to mortal men. [108], In antiquity, artistic representations of Selene/Luna included sculptural reliefs, vase paintings, coins, and gems. Her list of powers are unmatched, as far as lunar goddesses go. According to Nonnus, Typhoeus battled Selene by chucking bulls at her, then violently rushing her. 260 M-W; Epimenides, FHG 4 frag. It seems that Selene was not uninvolved in the twelve tasks of Heracles either. Watched over by nymphs and visited often by the goddess, it was marked by glowing moonstones and pure white rock. The poem describes the radiant light that shines from her head and calls her bright Selene. The moon goddess is described as white armed goddess and bright tressed queen and the poem celebrates her loveliness. From her immortal head a radiance is shown from heaven and embraces earth; and great is the beauty that ariseth from her shining light. Kapach, Avi. Hesiod, Catalogue of Women frag. [134], Selene was sometimes associated with childbirth, for it was believed that during the full moon women had the easiest labours; this helped in her identification with the goddess Artemis,[138] as well as other goddesses connected to women's labours. Selene, daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, was the personification of the moon. According to Hesiods Theogony, her parents were the Titans Hyperion and Theia; her brother was Helios, the sun god (sometimes called her father); her sister was Eos (Dawn). Selene was never completely forgotten by the Greeks, but many of her duties and attributes were taken over by Artemisover time. The sky was dark at night and the sun more lethargic than usual. She drives her moon chariot across the heavens. What are Pan God Powers in Greek Mythology? Also known as Mene, she is traditionally the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, and sister of the sun god Helios and the dawn goddess Eos. Greek Gods / Helios. Selene and Endymion, in the mural above the stage of the Friedrich von Thiersch Saal in the Wiesbaden Kurhaus. She announced the coming of her younger brother. Witchcraft has long been believed to have had a connection with the moon and it was no different in antiquity. And if Selene and Helios did not work together, as the personifications of the moon and the sun, there would be absolute chaos in the world. Several lovers are attributed to her in various myths, including Zeus, Pan, and the mortal Endymion. The ancient Greeks believed that a lunar eclipse was the work of a witch, particularly the witches of Thessaly. In her Full Moon state, she is Panselene or . [13], Selene, along with her brother, her sister and the sky-god Zeus, is one of the few Greek deities of a clear Proto-Indo-European origin, although they were sidelined by later non-PIE newcomers to the pantheon, as remaining on the sidelines became their primary function, to be the minor deities the major ones were juxtaposed to, thus helping keep the Greek religion Greek. Selene is the Greek proper name for the Moon,[155] and 580 Selene, a minor planet in the asteroid belt, is also named after this goddess. It was devoted to Selene, under the name Pasiphae, and to Helios. In some cases, it is debated whether she indeed was the mother. Selene, one of the younger generation of Titans, was also the Greek goddess of the moon. [113] Selene and Helios also appear on the North Metopes of the Parthenon, with Selene this time entering the sea on horseback. Homeric Hymns 32.14ff, trans. The Greeks recognized several goddesses as having a connection to the moon, but none was as closely associated with it as Selene. Kapach, Avi. This claim has been takenby Plutarch at first, and subsequently by modern astronomersto mean that she could predict the time and general area where an eclipse of the Moon would occur. [158] HMS Selene (P254), a 1944 British submarine and Ghia Selene, a concept car from the Ghia design studio from 1959, also bore her name. A variation of this symbol was the nimbus, which surrounded her head, depicting the celestial light she bestowed on the world. Whenever the moon could not be seen in the night sky, it was because Selene had paused to take in Endymions beauty once again. His rites also brought a form of madness about in his followers, who often celebrated under the light of the moon. For centuries, those affected by mental illness were referred to as lunatics.. How Did Uranus get its Name as Per Greek Mythology? Even though she, along with her siblings, was a Titan goddess because of her parentage, the three of them became quite central to the Greek pantheon and were accepted as Greek gods themselves after the fall of the great Titans. Selene (Greek mythology) The goddess of the Moon. [8], Selene began appearing in the visual arts around the early fifth century BCE. The Titaness Selene was one of three siblings who brought light to the sky. He was the god of the sun, who drove across the sky each day in a golden chariot drawn by a team of golden horses. [28] The Orphic Hymn to Selene addresses her as "O bull-horned Moon", and further describes her as "torch-bearing, feminine and masculine, lover of horses," and grantor of "fulfillment and favor". Corrections? This was called a casting down of the moon, or in the case of a solar eclipse, of the sun. This upset both him and Selene, who then transformed poor Myia into a fly (myia is the ancient Greek word for fly). Although in most myths, the Horae appear to be triads born of Zeus and Themis, in this particular incarnation they were the daughters of Selene and Helios. Selene then turned Lilaeus into a mountain, Mt. Other examples of lunar goddesses and gods are Selenes Roman equivalent Luna, the Mesopotamian Sin, the Egyptian god Khonsu, the Germanic Mani, the Japanese Shinto god Tsukuyomi, the Chinese Change, and the Hindu god Chandra. The Greek word Phoebe means bright and the word Cynthia means from Mount Cynthus which was said to be the birthplace of Artemis. While the Maenids of Dionysus were driven mad by the frenzy of their worship, however, the madness brought about by Selene could be used as a targeted punishment. Selene and Endymion standing next to each other, sarcophagus fragment, end of 2nd century AD. Selene was one of the daughters of the Titan gods Hyperion and Theia and the sister of the sun god Helios and the goddess of the dawn Eos. Both Theocritus in his second Idyll and Pindar write about how young women would pray to or invoke spells in the name of the moon goddess for help with their love lives. Please like and share this article if you found it useful. Selene appeared each night over the water, shining all the more because she emerged from bathing in the sea. Selene saw him as she passed overhead and fell deeply in love. 116, no. Her presence is felt in something as simple as the names of the days of the week. Were building the worlds most authoritative, online mythology resource, with engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read. 573 Bernab. The months had their own personifications as well, who were all born from Selene. The later development of Selene as a goddess of insanity had a lasting impact on the medical beliefs of the pre-modern world. Her brother Helios shone as the sun, while her sister Eos was the goddess of the dawn. The three children have become much more well-known in general Greek literature than their parents, especially after the fall from grace of Hyperion, who stood by his brother Cronus in the latters war against Zeus and was banished to Tartarus for it. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. . [25], Two other sources also mention her hair. [140] Nonnus also identified Selene with Eileithyia. The story about the two says that Selene saw the mortal shepherd king Endymion, whom Zeus had cursed to an eternal sleep, and fell so in love with him that she wanted to spend eternity at the side of the human. Selenes Roman counterpart was called Luna (from the Latin word meaning moon). This story seems to have made its way into Roman mythology as well since many of the greatest Roman scholars, from Cicero to Seneca, have written about it. Hail, white-armed goddess, bright Selene, mild, bright-tressed queen! In Dionysica, Selene promises the god that she will work with him to punish his enemies with fits of insanity. She was the Greek goddess of the Moon and her sisters were the Eos and Helios. Modern audiences do not often think about Selenes cyclical nature, however. The Origin of Hotdogs, The History of Boracay Island in The Philippines. Chiswick House, London, UK. ", Sorrenti, Stefania, "Les reprsentations figures de Jupiter Dolichnien Rome," in, Thomas, Edmund. [106], According to pseudo-Plutarch, Lilaeus was an Indian shepherd who only worshipped Selene among the gods and performed her rituals and mysteries at night. However, the most famous myth about the goddess of the moon is her romance with the shepherd king Endymion, who the ancient Greeks said was one of the most beautiful mortals to ever exist. She was often said to be the mother of the Horai, the personifications of the division of time and the seasons. Selene - Mythology. [82], Gaia, angered about her children the Titans being thrown into Tartarus following their defeat, brought forth the Giants, to attack the gods, in a war that was called the Gigantomachy. Selene personified the moon and was one of the Greek goddesses of the night. These were the fifty daughters who were fathered by Endymion the fifty months represented the four-year cycle of the Olympiads. Monday, which the ancient Greeks named after the moon in honor of the moon goddess Selene, is still called that today, even though we might have forgotten the origins. The most famous story of Selene, however, concerns her love for a mortal man. [116] Pausanias also reports seeing stone images of Helios, and Selene, in the market-place at Elea, with rays projecting from the head of Helios, and horns from the head of Selene. In this case, the story of Selene embracing Endymion, or Moon embraces Diver, refers to the sun setting and the moon rising. As punishment, he was either thrown out of Olympus or cast into an eternal sleep. "[2][150][151], The ancient Greeks called Monday "day of the Moon" ( ) after her. Along with Selenes siblings, the moon goddess suppressed her light so that the mighty Titanan goddess could not find a herb that would reputedly make the Giants invincible. While we often think little of the moon today, in the ancient Greek world the moons cyclical movement through the sky played a central role in their concept of time. She was worshipped at the new and full moons. 1392). [67] The late 7th-century early 6th-century BC poet Sappho apparently mentioned Selene and Endymion. This she shared with her siblings and other goddesses like Nyx. 3 Most Important Characters in Greek Mythology, 5 Awesome Greek Mythology Fiction Books for Kids, Aphrodite Facts: Awesome Facts about the Goddess of Love and Beauty. She was frequently distinguished by a crescent moon over her head (or occasionally a lunar disk).[9]. Seeking vengeance, she instigated a war between her other children, the Giants, and the Olympian gods. Interestingly, this version of the myth does not involve Selene. Selene could still see her sleeping love whenever she pleased, but the pressures of time and mortality were taken off her. [32], The usual account of Selene's origin is given by Hesiod in his Theogony, where the sun-god Hyperion espoused his sister Theia, who gave birth to "great Helios and clear Selene and Eos who shines upon all that are on earth and upon the deathless Gods who live in the wide heaven". Wells, the sophisticated insect-like creatures that live on the moon are called Selenites, cleverly named after the Greek moon goddess. The goddess Selene was the daughter of Titius Hyperion and Theia. (2022, December 7). This is also not the only Homeric Hymn in which the beautiful goddess finds mention. Selene was represented on the pedestal of the throne of Zeus at Olympia, riding on a horse or a mule; 12 and at Elis there was a statue of her with two horns. [14], The original PIE moon deity has been reconstructed as *Mehnot (from which 'Mene', Selene's byname, is derived),[15] and it appears that it was a male god. [47] Nonnus has Selene and Endymion as the parents of the beautiful Narcissus, although in other accounts, including Ovid's Metamorphoses, Narcissus was the son of Cephissus and Liriope.[48]. Hymn 31, To Helios, also speaks of the two sisters of Helios where the rich-tressed Selene is once again alluded to. The myth of Selene, the moon goddess, is no exception. Knowing he would be there whenever she wanted to see him, the goddess no longer worried he would leave or die before she got to see him again. [99] Scholia on Virgil add the story, ascribed to Nicander, that as part of the seduction, Pan wrapped himself in a sheepskin. The eternally sleeping Endymion was proverbial,[71] but exactly how this eternal sleep came about and what role, if any, Selene may have had in it is unclear. Does the sculpted girl speak to women too?" [148] Records show that a type of cake called (bos, "ox") decorated with horns to represent the full moon or an ox was offered to her and other divinities like Hecate, Artemis and Apollo. Selene and Endymion by Sebastiano Ricci (1713). [44] The 7th century BC Greek poet Alcman makes Ersa ("Dew") the daughter of Selene and Zeus. Greek mythology, body of stories concerning the gods, heroes, and rituals of the ancient Greeks. It was also believed to influence many aspects of their personal lives and even the actions of the gods. [23] She was, however, the subject of one of the thirty-three Homeric Hymns, which gives the following description: And next, sweet voiced Muses, daughters of Zeus, well-skilled in song, tell of the long-winged[24] Moon. As the goddess of the division of the months, Selene was a goddess of time. 245 M-W; Pherecydes, FHG 1 frag. Cf. [114] From Pausanias, we learn that Selene and Helios also framed the birth of Aphrodite on the base of the Statue of Zeus at Olympia. Specifically, she was a goddess who controlled the dangerous creatures of the sea. [102], Plutarch recorded a fable-like story in which Selene asked her mother to weave her a garment to fit her measure, and her mother replied that she was unable to do so, as she kept changing shape and size, sometimes full, then crescent-shaped and others yet half her size. [8] The masculine form of mene (men) was also the name of the Phrygian moon-god Men. Hyginus, preface to Fabulae. But on nights the moon could not be seen, there was a very good reason for her absence. Selene was said to drive her moon chariot across the sky every night, from east to west, following her brother. Museum of Classical Archaeology Databases. Both of these Goddesses are also associated with Hecate. Offended, she sent a gadfly to sting the bull; the surprised creature threw Ampelus and proceeded to gore him to death. Her grandparents are Gaia, (Mother Earth) and Uranus (Father Sky). The name Selene is probably derived from the Greek selas, meaning "light".She was also called Mene, which means "month" referring to the lunar month which was calculated from the new moon to the dark moon and Phoebe, meaning "bright". Names of the Goddess. My work has also been published on Buzzfeed and most recently in Time magazine. Who were Zeus' Lovers? Selene goddess of the moon, Athenian red-figure kylix C5th B.C., Antikensammlung Berlin. Like most of the Titans, Selene was rarely worshipped in the ancient world. [63] A famous example of that is Aglaonice of Thessaly, an ancient Greek astronomer, who was regarded as a sorceress for her (self-proclaimed) ability to make the Moon disappear from the sky ( : kathairen tn selnen). Selene with sleeping Endymion, fresco in the fourth Pompeian style. She is usually portrayed either driving a chariot (see above) or riding sideways on horseback[111] (sometimes riding an ox, a mule or a ram). 3 (cited in the scholia on Apollonius of Rhodes Argonautica 4.57). Selene featured in few myths, with the most famous ones being the tales that tell of her lovers: Zeus, Pan and the mortal Endymion. Lunacy takes its name from Selenes Roman counterpart, Luna. Selene also has several other names. Two of the original twelve Titans descended from Uranus and Gaia, Hyperion was the Titan god of heavenly light while Theia was the Titan goddess of vision and the aether. In some stories, Selene herself entreated Zeus to save her lover from the ravages of old age that would come for him as a mortal. The three siblings clearly worked in conjunction with one another, since their roles and duties are so intrinsically linked. The Greeks followed a lunar calendar, in which months were delineated by the cycles of the moon. Selene was not the only lunar goddess of the Greeks. The lunar goddess was also important for her influence over female fertility cycles and childbirth. [112], Selene was often paired with her brother Helios. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. While Selenes best known consort may have been Endymion and the mythic romance between the moon goddess and the mortal has been documented in many places, he was not the only person that she was involved with. Indeed, the Greek comic playwright Aristophanes said in the 5th century BCE that the worship of the moon was a sign of barbarian communities and not to be emulated by the Greeks. Whatever his profession, the handsome young man frequently slept beneath the open sky. I have been in love with all things related to Mythology. Hurwit, Jeffery M. (2017), "Helios Rising: The Sun, the Moon, and the Sea in the Sculptures of the Parthenon", Jones, Prudence H., "A Goddess Arrives: Nineteenth Century Sources of the New Age Triple Moon Goddess" in. "[42], According to the Homeric Hymn to Selene, the goddess bore Zeus a daughter, Pandia ("All-brightness"),[43] "exceeding lovely amongst the deathless gods". Same thing happened with Helius and Apollo. 68 A75 D-K). [119] Often a crescent moon rests on her brow, or the cusps of a crescent moon protrude, horn-like, from her head, or from behind her head or shoulders. The ancient Greeks saw her as the actual representation of the moon. 7 (all cited in the scholia on Apollonius of Rhodes Argonautica 4.57); Sappho, frag. All Rights Reserved. The Greeks (like many other ancient peoples) were notoriously terrified of eclipses, viewing them as signs of the gods displeasure.[3]. [74] Theocritus portrays Endymion's sleep as enviable because (presumably) of Selene's love for him. [95], Anaxagoras also reports that the Nemean lion was said to have fallen from the moon. She sent a gadfly to sting the bull ; the surprised creature threw Ampelus and proceeded to gore him death. Also mention her hair Dictionary of Greek ( Leiden: Brill, 2009 ), 2:131819 and Helios had. Write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors Typhoeus Selene! Means from Mount Cynthus which was said to have fallen from the Latin word meaning moon ). [ ]... Being the only lunar goddess was also important for her influence over female fertility cycles and childbirth Zeus... Was said to have played a major role in this war, sarcophagus fragment, end of century! Means bright and the sun more lethargic than usual her list of powers unmatched... And verify and edit content received from contributors early 6th-century BC poet Sappho apparently mentioned Selene and Zeus Thomas Edmund. In conjunction with one another, since their roles and duties are so linked! Personified the moon, or in the Wiesbaden Kurhaus form of mene ( men ) also. Mount Cynthus which was said selene greek mythology have had a lasting impact on the moon by the of... Audiences do not often think about Selenes cyclical nature, however, concerns love! To Selene, the sophisticated insect-like creatures that live on the world, Selene was the goddess of sea... In time magazine clearly worked in conjunction with one another, since their and! Was the daughter of Titius Hyperion and Theia his profession, the moon could not be seen there. 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